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Gem flora11/14/2023 ![]() ![]() XIe Congres Inten de Stratig et de Geol du Carb Beijing 1987, Compte Rendu 3, 1989. ![]() Plant assemblage zones of Late Palaeozoic coal-bearing strata in Yuxian County of western Henan Province and their stratigraphical significance. Reinterpretation of flora succession and regional stratigraphy of the Late Paleozoic coal-bearing strata in Yu County, western Henan Province. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2001. Stratigraphic Guide of China (in Chinese). Coal geology of Yu and Mi counties of Henan. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2006. The Permian Cathaysian Flora in Western Henan Province, China-Yuzhou Flora. Trend of the plant community succession during the Paleophytic-Mesophytic transition in North China. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1987. Study of Sedimentary Environments and Coal Accumulation of the Late Paleozoic Coal Measures in Yuxian Area of Henan Province (in Chinese). Anhui region (in Chinese with English abstract). On several geological problems of coalfield exploration in China (in Chinese). Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1996. Five fossil plant assemblage zones are recognized from the Yuzhou Flora based upon the succession of each group and their combined characters in different layers. The Yuzhou Flora is divided into three (early, middle and late) stages based upon the cyclic development of its plant groups. It is later replaced by the Euro-American Zechstein flora in the late Late Permian. ![]() The Yuzhou Flora emerged at the middle Early Permian (Zisongian) and suddenly disappeared at the early Late Permian (Wujiapingian). Based upon the evolutionary trend of venation pattern and leaf architecture, we propose some taxonomic changes at the generic level. Based upon their venation and leaf architecture, this group can be divided into three evolutionary stages, i.e., appearance and differentiation, first flourishing, and second flourishing and sudden disappearance, which form the basis for biostratigraphic division and correlation of the Permian System of the North China Platform. The Gigantopteridales (preangiosperms) is a very important and unique group in the Yuzhou Flora. The number of species of Ginkgophytes is small but this group is extremely abundant, especially in the early Late Permian. The Cycadophytes evolved relatively early in this area and they differentiated and proliferated during the late Middle to early Late Permian. Among them Shenzhouphyllum is one of characteristic elements in the late stage of the Yuzhou Flora. Ancient Pteridospermatophytes only flourished during the Middle Permian whereas advanced Peltaspermales are extremely well developed at the end of the early Late Permian. Ninety percent of Pteridophytes belong to the order Marattiales, which are well developed during the early and middle stages of the Yuzhou Flora but experience a sudden decline during the late stage. The rapid morphological evolution and uninterrupted stratigraphic succession of Lobatannularia (Sphenophytes) make this group one of the bases for biostratigraphic divisions of the Permian System of the North China Platform. We have recognized 111 genera and 307 species from this flora. This is a unique and ideal place to study the Middle and Late Cathaysian Flora. Consequently, many successive layers with abundant well-preserved plant fossils and a complete evolutionary sequence were developed. For a long time during the Permian, this area was located on shoreline marine tidal flats and deltas at low latitudes with a warm and humid climate. The Yuzhou Flora of the southern North China Platform possesses the typical regional features of the Middle and Late Cathaysian Flora. ![]()
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